I. Introduction
1. There are several reasons why someone might consider the option to buy an IPv4 subnet:
a) Address Exhaustion: With the increasing number of internet-connected devices, the supply of IPv4 addresses is running out. Buying an IPv4 subnet allows businesses to acquire additional address space to accommodate their growing needs.
b) Cost Efficiency: Buying an IPv4 subnet can be more cost-effective than alternative solutions, such as IPv6 migration or leasing addresses. It provides businesses with a dedicated pool of addresses without recurring fees.
c) Legacy Systems and Compatibility: Some organizations may rely on legacy systems that are not compatible with IPv6. Buying an IPv4 subnet allows them to continue using their existing infrastructure while addressing their address space requirements.
d) Investment Opportunities: IPv4 addresses have become a valuable asset due to their scarcity. Buying an IPv4 subnet can be seen as an investment, as the demand for IPv4 addresses continues to rise.
2. The primary purpose behind the decision to buy an IPv4 subnet is to acquire a dedicated pool of IPv4 addresses. IPv4 addresses are essential for connecting devices to the internet and establishing communication between networks. By buying an IPv4 subnet, businesses ensure that they have a sufficient number of addresses to support their operations and growth. It allows them to have more control over their address space and avoid potential address shortages in the future. Additionally, buying an IPv4 subnet can provide businesses with flexibility and independence, allowing them to customize their network infrastructure according to their specific requirements.
II. Types of Proxy Servers
1. The main types of proxy servers available for those looking to buy IPv4 subnet are:
- HTTP Proxies: These proxies are designed for web traffic and can be used for simple browsing, accessing restricted websites, and bypassing network restrictions.
- SOCKS Proxies: SOCKS proxies provide a more versatile option as they can handle various types of traffic, including web browsing, email, and even torrenting. They offer a higher level of anonymity and can be used for more advanced purposes.
- Residential Proxies: These proxies are IP addresses assigned to real residential devices, making them highly trusted and reliable. They are ideal for tasks that require more extensive web scraping, data mining, or accessing geo-restricted content.
- Datacenter Proxies: Datacenter proxies are created in data centers and offer high-speed connections. They are generally cheaper than residential proxies and are suitable for activities such as web scraping, SEO monitoring, and social media management.
2. Different proxy types cater to specific needs of individuals or businesses looking to buy IPv4 subnets in the following ways:
- HTTP Proxies: They are suitable for individuals or businesses that require basic browsing or access to restricted websites but don't need advanced features or high-level anonymity.
- SOCKS Proxies: These proxies are ideal for users who need a versatile solution capable of handling various types of traffic and require a higher level of anonymity and security.
- Residential Proxies: Businesses or individuals engaged in extensive web scraping, data mining, or accessing geo-restricted content can benefit from residential proxies. They provide a reliable and trusted connection as they are assigned to real residential devices.
- Datacenter Proxies: These proxies are suitable for businesses or individuals involved in activities such as web scraping, SEO monitoring, or social media management that require high-speed connections at a more affordable price point.
Ultimately, the choice of proxy type depends on the specific needs and requirements of the user or business looking to buy IPv4 subnets.
III. Considerations Before Use
1. Factors to Consider Before Buying an IPv4 Subnet:
a) Address Space Requirements: Determine the number of IP addresses needed for your network. Consider future growth and scalability.
b) Regional Internet Registry (RIR) Policy Compliance: Understand the policies and regulations of your RIR to ensure proper allocation and usage of IP addresses.
c) IP Address Market Conditions: Evaluate the current market conditions, including pricing, availability, and demand for IPv4 addresses.
d) Budget: Determine your budget for purchasing an IPv4 subnet, as prices can vary depending on the size and demand of the address block.
e) Technical Compatibility: Ensure that the IPv4 subnet you plan to buy is compatible with your existing network infrastructure and equipment.
f) Legal and Ethical Considerations: Familiarize yourself with the legal and ethical aspects of buying IPv4 addresses, including compliance with transfer policies and Intellectual Property (IP) rights.
g) Network Security: Consider the security implications associated with managing and securing a larger IP address space.
2. Assessing Needs and Budget:
a) IP Address Inventory: Start by assessing your current IP address usage and determine if you are running out of addresses. This will help you estimate the number of additional addresses needed.
b) Future Growth: Consider your future network expansion plans and estimate the number of IP addresses required to accommodate that growth.
c) Budget Allocation: Determine the amount of money you are willing to allocate for purchasing an IPv4 subnet. Research the current market prices to get an idea of the cost.
d) IP Address Management: Evaluate the cost of IP address management, including tracking, monitoring, and maintenance, as this will be an ongoing expense.
e) Consulting Services: If needed, budget for consulting services that can assist in the buying process, ensuring compliance and proper transfer of addresses.
f) Cost vs. Benefits: Weigh the cost of buying IPv4 addresses against the benefits it will bring to your business, such as improved network performance, scalability, and avoiding the costs of transitioning to IPv6.
By considering these factors and assessing your needs and budget, you can make an informed decision when it comes to buying an IPv4 subnet.
IV. Choosing a Provider
1. When selecting a reputable provider to buy IPv4 subnet, there are a few key factors to consider:
a) Reputation: Look for providers with a solid reputation in the industry. Check online reviews, customer testimonials, and ratings to gauge the provider's credibility.
b) Experience: Choose a provider with significant experience in the IPv4 market. Look for providers that have been in the business for a considerable amount of time and have a proven track record of successful transactions.
c) Legal compliance: Ensure that the provider operates within the legal frameworks and guidelines set by the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) in your region. This helps avoid any legal or regulatory issues in the future.
d) Customer support: Evaluate the provider's customer support services. It is important to have access to dedicated support for any technical or operational issues that may arise during the process of acquiring and managing IPv4 subnets.
e) Pricing and transparency: Compare prices offered by different providers and ensure transparency in pricing structures. Look for providers who offer competitive prices without compromising on quality and service.
2. There are several providers that offer services designed for individuals or businesses looking to buy IPv4 subnets. Some well-known providers include:
a) IPv4.Global: IPv4.Global is a leading IPv4 address marketplace, specializing in the acquisition and sale of IPv4 subnets. They offer a wide range of IPv4 addresses and have a reputation for exceptional customer service.
b) ARIN: The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) is one of the Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) responsible for IPv4 address allocation in North America. ARIN provides resources and guidance for individuals and businesses looking to buy IPv4 subnets within their region.
c) RIPE NCC: The Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) is the RIR responsible for IPv4 address allocation in Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia. RIPE NCC offers resources and services for businesses and individuals interested in acquiring IPv4 subnets in their region.
It is important to research and evaluate different providers to determine which one best suits your specific needs and requirements.
V. Setup and Configuration
1. Steps involved in setting up and configuring a proxy server after buying an IPv4 subnet:
Step 1: Choose a Proxy Server Software: There are several proxy server software options available, such as Squid, Nginx, Apache, and HAProxy. Research and select the one that best suits your needs.
Step 2: Install and Configure the Proxy Server Software: Follow the installation instructions provided by the chosen software. Configure the proxy server settings, including IP address, port number, and authentication settings.
Step 3: Set Up Access Control: Define access control rules to determine who can use the proxy server and what websites or resources they can access. This can be done using IP-based access control lists (ACLs) or username/password authentication.
Step 4: Test and Monitor the Proxy Server: Verify that the proxy server is working correctly by testing its functionality. Monitor the server to ensure it is running smoothly and address any issues that arise.
Step 5: Secure the Proxy Server: Implement security measures to protect the proxy server from unauthorized access or misuse. This includes using encryption, maintaining up-to-date software, and regularly reviewing access logs for suspicious activity.
2. Common setup issues to watch out for when buying an IPv4 subnet and how to resolve them:
1. IP Address Conflicts: Ensure that the IP addresses in your subnet are unique and not overlapping with any existing networks. If conflicts occur, you may need to reconfigure your network or consult with an IT professional to resolve the issue.
2. Routing and Configuration Errors: Double-check the routing and configuration settings of your subnet to ensure they are correctly set up. Incorrect settings can cause connectivity issues. Consult the documentation or seek assistance from your network administrator if needed.
3. Firewall or Security Restrictions: If you encounter connectivity problems, check your firewall settings to ensure that they are not blocking the necessary ports or IP addresses associated with your subnet. Adjust the firewall rules accordingly to allow the required traffic.
4. Network Performance Issues: If you experience slow network performance after buying an IPv4 subnet, consider factors such as bandwidth limitations, network congestion, or hardware limitations. Optimize your network infrastructure or consider upgrading hardware if necessary.
5. Lack of Technical Expertise: If you are unfamiliar with network setup and configuration, it is recommended to consult with professionals or seek guidance from knowledgeable sources. They can help troubleshoot any specific issues you encounter and provide appropriate solutions.
Remember, each setup may have unique challenges, so it is crucial to have a good understanding of networking principles or seek professional help to ensure a smooth configuration.
VI. Security and Anonymity
1. Buying an IPv4 subnet can contribute to online security and anonymity in several ways:
a) Enhanced Firewall Protection: With your own subnet, you have more control over your network security. You can implement stronger firewall rules and access control policies to protect your infrastructure from unauthorized access and potential threats.
b) Dedicated IP Addresses: Buying a subnet provides you with a range of unique IP addresses. This allows you to distribute your online activities across multiple IPs, making it harder for cybercriminals to trace your online presence or launch targeted attacks.
c) Reduced Risk of IP Blacklisting: Sharing IP addresses with other users can lead to blacklisting if any other user engages in malicious activities. However, with your own subnet, you have better control over the reputation of your IP addresses, reducing the risk of getting blacklisted.
d) Improved Anonymity: By having multiple IP addresses, you can obfuscate your online identity. This makes it more challenging for websites, advertisers, or third-party trackers to track your online behavior and identify you.
2. To ensure your security and anonymity once you have bought an IPv4 subnet, it is essential to follow these practices:
a) Regularly Update Security Measures: Ensure that all your network devices, including routers and firewalls, have the latest firmware and security patches installed to protect against known vulnerabilities.
b) Implement Strong Passwords: Use unique, complex passwords for all your network devices and services. Enable two-factor authentication wherever possible to provide an extra layer of security.
c) Monitor Network Traffic: Regularly monitor your network traffic for any suspicious activities or unauthorized access attempts. Use intrusion detection systems or security information and event management tools to detect and respond to potential threats promptly.
d) Encrypt Data: Implement encryption protocols, such as SSL/TLS, to secure your network communications. This prevents unauthorized individuals from intercepting and accessing your sensitive data.
e) Use Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): Utilize VPNs to encrypt your internet traffic and mask your IP address. This adds an additional layer of anonymity, making it harder for anyone to track your online activities.
f) Regularly Backup Data: Implement regular backups of your important data to ensure that, in case of any security breach or data loss, you can quickly recover your information without compromising your security.
g) Stay Informed: Keep yourself updated about the latest security threats, vulnerabilities, and best practices. Stay vigilant and adopt new security measures as needed to maintain your security and anonymity.
By following these practices, you can maximize the security and anonymity benefits of owning an IPv4 subnet.
VII. Benefits of Owning a Proxy Server
1. Key benefits of buying an IPv4 subnet:
a) Increased IP address availability: Buying an IPv4 subnet allows individuals or businesses to acquire a larger block of IP addresses, which can be crucial in scenarios where there is a shortage of available IPv4 addresses.
b) Flexibility and scalability: With a larger subnet, businesses have the flexibility to allocate IP addresses according to their specific needs. It allows for easier scalability, accommodating future growth and expansion without the need for frequent IP address requests.
c) Cost-effectiveness: Buying an IPv4 subnet can be a cost-effective solution compared to other alternatives like transitioning to IPv6. The market for IPv4 addresses is currently more affordable, making it an attractive option for those who require a large number of IP addresses.
d) Compatibility and familiarity: IPv4 is the most widely used and supported protocol across the internet. By purchasing an IPv4 subnet, businesses can ensure compatibility with existing infrastructure and systems, avoiding the complexities associated with transitioning to IPv6.
2. Advantages of buying an IPv4 subnet for personal or business purposes:
a) Network expansion: For businesses experiencing growth or expanding their operations, buying an IPv4 subnet provides the necessary IP addresses to accommodate the increased demand. It enables businesses to connect more devices to their network, support additional users, or launch new services.
b) IP address management: Having a dedicated subnet allows for better IP address management. Businesses can organize their IP addresses more efficiently, making it easier to track and allocate addresses to different departments, services, or geographical locations.
c) Enhanced security: With a dedicated subnet, businesses can implement enhanced security measures such as firewalls, access control lists (ACLs), and network segmentation. It provides better control over network traffic and reduces the risk of unauthorized access or attacks.
d) Geo-targeting and regional presence: Buying an IPv4 subnet from a specific geographical region allows businesses to establish a regional presence. It enables them to target customers in specific locations more effectively and provide localized services.
e) IP reputation management: Having a dedicated subnet helps businesses maintain a better IP reputation. Sharing IP addresses with other organizations can increase the risk of being affected by their actions, such as spamming or blacklisting. With a dedicated subnet, businesses can ensure their IP reputation remains intact.
Overall, buying an IPv4 subnet provides individuals and businesses with greater control, flexibility, and scalability over their network infrastructure. It allows for efficient IP address management, supports network growth, and provides a cost-effective solution for addressing needs.
VIII. Potential Drawbacks and Risks
1. Potential Limitations and Risks After Buying IPv4 Subnet:
When you buy an IPv4 subnet, there are certain limitations and risks that you need to be aware of:
a) Address Exhaustion: The main limitation is the scarcity of available IPv4 addresses. With the increasing demand for IP addresses, the supply is dwindling, and there is a risk of running out of addresses in the future.
b) Price Volatility: The price of IPv4 subnets can fluctuate over time due to supply and demand dynamics. There is a risk of paying a higher price for subnets if the market conditions change.
c) Legacy Issues: IPv4 subnets that were allocated in the past may have legacy issues such as duplicate or overlapping IP address assignments. This can cause operational challenges and conflicts in network configurations.
d) Address Management: Managing a large IPv4 subnet can be complex and time-consuming. It requires efficient address allocation and tracking to prevent IP address conflicts and ensure optimal utilization.
2. Minimizing or Managing Risks After Buying IPv4 Subnet:
To minimize the risks associated with buying an IPv4 subnet, consider the following strategies:
a) Thorough Due Diligence: Before purchasing an IPv4 subnet, conduct a comprehensive due diligence process. Verify the legitimacy of the seller, assess the quality of the IP addresses, and review any potential legacy issues.
b) IP Address Management Tools: Invest in IP address management (IPAM) tools to streamline and automate the process of assigning and tracking IP addresses. These tools can help reduce human errors and ensure optimal utilization of the subnet.
c) Scalability Planning: Consider the long-term scalability of your network infrastructure. Assess future growth requirements and plan for additional IPv4 addresses or a potential transition to IPv6 to mitigate the risk of address exhaustion.
d) Regular Audits: Conduct periodic audits of your IPv4 subnet to identify and resolve any address conflicts or inefficient allocation. This will help optimize your IP address usage and prevent operational issues.
e) Engage Legal Expertise: Seek legal advice to ensure compliance with regional regulations and the transfer of IPv4 addresses in a legitimate and secure manner. This will help mitigate legal risks and ensure a smooth acquisition process.
By implementing these strategies, you can minimize the limitations and risks associated with buying an IPv4 subnet, ensuring a smooth and efficient integration into your network infrastructure.
IX. Legal and Ethical Considerations
1. Legal Responsibilities:
When deciding to buy an IPv4 subnet, it is important to consider the following legal responsibilities:
a) Compliance with Regional Internet Registries (RIRs): RIRs, such as ARIN, RIPE NCC, and APNIC, govern the allocation and distribution of IPv4 addresses. Ensure that you comply with their policies and procedures for purchasing and transferring IPv4 subnets.
b) Contractual Agreements: Enter into legal agreements with the seller that clearly outline the terms and conditions of the transaction, including ownership transfer, warranties, and any liabilities.
c) Intellectual Property Rights: Respect any intellectual property rights associated with the IPv4 subnet, such as trademarks or copyrights. Ensure that you are not infringing on any third-party rights.
d) Data Protection and Privacy: When buying an IPv4 subnet, consider any data protection and privacy requirements in your jurisdiction. Ensure that the subnet does not contain any sensitive or personal data that may violate privacy regulations.
Ethical Considerations:
When buying an IPv4 subnet, it is important to consider the following ethical considerations:
a) Fairness and Equity: Ensure that the acquisition of the IPv4 subnet does not disadvantage other organizations or individuals by hoarding or monopolizing IP resources. Consider the needs of the wider internet community.
b) Sustainability: IPv4 addresses are a limited resource, and the depletion of IPv4 address space has led to the adoption of IPv6. Consider the long-term sustainability of your network infrastructure and promote the adoption of IPv6 to mitigate the need for further IPv4 subnet acquisitions.
c) Transparency and Disclosure: Be transparent about your intentions and the reasons for purchasing the IPv4 subnet. Avoid engaging in fraudulent or deceptive practices.
2. Ensuring a Legal and Ethical Purchase:
a) Research and Due Diligence: Conduct thorough research on the seller and the subnet being offered. Verify the legitimacy of the seller and ensure that the subnet is not involved in any legal disputes or blacklisting.
b) Seek Professional Assistance: Consult with legal experts or IPv4 brokers who specialize in IPv4 transactions. They can provide guidance on legal compliance and ethical considerations.
c) Follow RIR Policies: Familiarize yourself with the policies and procedures of the relevant RIR governing the subnet's allocation. Ensure that the seller follows these policies to avoid any legal or ethical issues.
d) Compliance with Local Laws: Ensure that the purchase of the IPv4 subnet complies with the laws and regulations of your jurisdiction, including intellectual property rights, data protection, and privacy laws.
e) Document the Transaction: Maintain records of all communications, agreements, and transactions related to the purchase of the IPv4 subnet. This documentation will be essential for legal compliance and establishing ownership.
f) Assess Sustainability: Consider whether the purchase of the IPv4 subnet aligns with the long-term sustainability of your network infrastructure. Explore options for adopting IPv6 to mitigate the need for further IPv4 acquisitions.
By following these steps and considering the legal responsibilities and ethical considerations, you can ensure a legal and ethical purchase of an IPv4 subnet.
X. Maintenance and Optimization
1. Maintenance and Optimization Steps for a Proxy Server after Buying IPv4 Subnet:
a. Regular Updates: Keep your proxy server software up to date with the latest versions and security patches. Regularly check for updates and apply them to ensure optimal performance and security.
b. Monitoring: Implement a monitoring system to keep track of the proxy server's performance, including metrics like CPU usage, memory utilization, network traffic, and response times. This will help identify any potential issues or bottlenecks and allow you to take proactive measures.
c. Logging and Analysis: Enable logging on your proxy server to collect detailed information about the requests and responses passing through it. Analyzing these logs periodically can help identify any abnormal patterns, potential security threats, or performance issues.
d. Proxy Server Configuration: Optimally configure your proxy server to improve performance. Adjust settings like connection timeouts, caching rules, and connection limits based on your specific requirements and network conditions.
e. Load Balancing: If you have multiple proxy servers, consider implementing load balancing. This distributes the incoming traffic across all the servers, improving performance and reliability. Load balancers can also help with failover in case any server goes down.
f. Bandwidth Management: Implement bandwidth management techniques to ensure fair and efficient utilization of network resources. This can involve setting bandwidth limits for specific users or applications, traffic shaping, or prioritizing certain types of traffic.
g. Security Measures: Keep your proxy server secure by implementing measures like firewall rules, access control lists, SSL encryption, and regular security audits. Regularly update and patch your server's operating system and software to protect against vulnerabilities.
2. Enhancing the Speed and Reliability of a Proxy Server after Buying IPv4 Subnet:
a. Network Infrastructure: Ensure that your network infrastructure is capable of handling the increased traffic after buying an IPv4 subnet. This includes having sufficient bandwidth, low latency, and robust network equipment.
b. Geographical Distribution: Consider setting up proxy servers in different geographical locations to reduce latency and improve speed for users in various regions. This can be achieved through load balancing or using a content delivery network (CDN).
c. Caching: Implement a caching mechanism on your proxy server to store frequently accessed content locally. This reduces the need to fetch content from the internet repeatedly, improving response times and reducing bandwidth usage.
d. Compression and Optimization: Enable compression and optimize the content served by your proxy server. Compressing files before sending them to clients can significantly reduce data transfer size and improve speed.
e. Content Delivery Optimization: Configure your proxy server to leverage techniques like content delivery optimization (CDO). CDO involves dynamically optimizing content based on factors like device type, network conditions, and user preferences, resulting in faster and more efficient content delivery.
f. DNS Optimization: Ensure your DNS resolution is efficient by using fast and reliable DNS servers. Consider implementing a local DNS resolver or using a third-party DNS service that offers improved performance.
g. Quality of Service (QoS): Implement QoS mechanisms to prioritize critical traffic types over non-essential traffic. This can help ensure that important services or applications receive the necessary network resources, improving reliability and responsiveness.
h. Regular Performance Monitoring: Continuously monitor the performance of your proxy server using tools and metrics such as response times, latency, and throughput. Identify bottlenecks or areas of improvement and make necessary optimizations accordingly.
By following these maintenance and optimization steps, you can keep your proxy server running optimally and enhance its speed and reliability after buying an IPv4 subnet.
XI. Real-World Use Cases
Certainly! Here are a few real-world examples of how proxy servers are used in various industries or situations after someone has bought an IPv4 subnet:
1. E-commerce: Online retailers often use proxy servers to gather pricing information from competitors' websites. This allows them to adjust their own pricing strategies accordingly and stay competitive in the market.
2. Digital Marketing: Marketing agencies use proxy servers to conduct market research and competitor analysis. By utilizing proxies, they can collect data from different global locations, enabling them to formulate effective marketing campaigns and strategies.
3. Social Media Management: Proxy servers are commonly used in social media management tools. With proxies, social media managers can schedule and publish posts on multiple social media platforms simultaneously, even from different IP addresses, which helps avoid restrictions or bans.
4. Ad Verification: Advertisers and ad verification companies use proxy servers to ensure that their ads are being displayed correctly and in the right geographic locations. Proxies allow them to simulate different user locations and verify the accuracy of ad placements.
5. Web Scraping: Proxy servers are essential for web scraping projects. When scraping data from websites, using proxies can help prevent IP blocking and ensure a steady flow of data without interruption.
As for notable case studies or success stories related to buying IPv4 subnets, specific examples may be limited due to the nature of this market. However, many businesses and organizations have successfully acquired IPv4 subnets to meet their growing network demands and ensure a smooth transition to IPv6. These success stories primarily revolve around improved network performance, scalability, and enhanced security for their operations.
XII. Conclusion
1. People should learn the reasons why they might consider buying an IPv4 subnet. This guide provides insights into the potential benefits of owning an IPv4 subnet, such as increased control over IP addresses, improved network performance, and the ability to bypass IP geolocation restrictions. It also discusses the different types of IPv4 subnets available, such as Class A, Class B, and Class C subnets, and explains how to choose the right one based on their specific requirements.
Additionally, the guide highlights the role of IPv4 subnets in the context of network infrastructure and the internet, emphasizing the importance of understanding the technicalities involved before making a purchase. It also covers potential risks and limitations associated with owning an IPv4 subnet, such as cost implications, compatibility issues, and potential security vulnerabilities. By educating themselves with this guide, individuals will be better equipped to make informed decisions when considering the purchase of an IPv4 subnet.
2. Responsible and ethical use of a proxy server is crucial once you have purchased an IPv4 subnet. Here are a few ways to ensure that:
a) Adhere to legal guidelines: Make sure to comply with all local, regional, and international laws related to internet usage, data privacy, and cybersecurity. This includes refraining from engaging in any illegal activities, such as hacking, fraud, or copyright infringement.
b) Respect terms of service: When using a proxy server, always follow the terms of service set by the service provider. These terms may include restrictions on usage, prohibited activities, and bandwidth limitations. Violating these terms could lead to account termination or legal consequences.
c) Protect user privacy: As a responsible proxy server owner, safeguard user data and privacy by implementing appropriate security measures. This includes using encryption protocols, regularly updating software and security patches, and ensuring that user data is stored securely and used only for intended purposes.
d) Prevent abuse and misuse: Monitor the usage of your proxy server to prevent it from being used for malicious activities. Implement access controls, such as user authentication and IP whitelisting, to restrict unauthorized access and reduce the risk of abuse.
e) Regularly update and maintain the server: Keep the proxy server up to date with the latest software patches and security updates to minimize the risk of vulnerabilities. Regularly monitor logs and network traffic to identify any suspicious activities or potential security breaches.
By following these guidelines, individuals can ensure responsible and ethical use of their proxy server after purchasing an IPv4 subnet.
